AP European History

RISE OF CONSTITUTIONALISM AND LIBERALISM

 


RENAISSANCE

                                                                     secularism

                                                                     humanism

                                                                    Copernicus, 1543

 

 


SCIENTIFIC REVOLUTION

                                                            Kepler, Galileo

                                                            Bacon: inductive method -- empiricism

                                                            Descartes: deductive method

                                                            Newton

 


England and Netherlands

are Constitutional states in 17th c.     ENLIGHTENMENT

Locke: natural rights

Diderot: encyclopedia

philosophes: Montesquieu, Voltaire, Rousseau

classical liberalism

 


 “Glorious Revolution”                                      American & French Revolutions
            Bill of Rights
 

Enlightened Despotism           Capitalism

                                Frederick the Great                              Adam Smith

                        Catharine the Great                               Thomas Malthus

                        Joseph II (& Maria Teresa)                  David Ricardo

 

LIBERALISM IN 19TH CENTURY

Utilitarianism: Jeremy Bentham & John Stuart Mill

Chartist movement in England; suffrage gains in England

Revolutions of 1830 and 1848

Socialism: French Utopians (1830s & 40s), Marx & Engels, Revisionism

Beginnings of welfare state: Germany, France, England

Increasing democracy in late 19th century

Emancipation of serfs in Russia: Alexander II

 

DEMOCRACY IN 20TH CENTURY   (and rise and fall of Communism)

            Germany: Weimar Republic --  Federal Republic of Germany – unified Germany

            France: Third Republic, Fourth Republic, Fifth Republic

            United Nations

            Revolutions of 1989 and fall of Soviet Union