Jim's Stop and Stats
Research Scenarios
Scenario 1
At a global level, an investigator wants to know what style of teaching college-aged individuals (CAI) prefer. The style of teaching is conceptualized by the following categories: authoritative, consultive, liberal, or traditional. Fundamentally then, the investigator seeks to discover the relationship between the types of teachers and student comfort levels. Students complete the questionnaire that included the following description of teaching styles.
Style #1: The professor assigns projects with little room for change. He/she will not accept late assignments. The professor makes classroom decisions clearly and concisely. He/she communicates the rigid expectations for the class. He and does not deviate from the syllabus. The class is also highly structured. (Authoritative)
Style #2: The professor does not hand out a syllabus until a few weeks into the semester. He/she consults the class for their opinions about assignments, due dates, and grading. The professor consults the class for every assignment and leaves much of the structuring of the class up to the students, but not all of it. (Consultive)
Style #3: The professor is completely unlike professors the student has experienced previously. He/she does not believe in homework, assignments, or taking attendance. He/she sometimes does not show up to conduct class. Structure is virtually nonexistent. (Liberal)
Style #4: The professor is willing to compromise about assignment due dates, but will not accept late papers once a date is set. A syllabus is followed closely and grading is a direct reflection of a participation, assignments, exams, and attendance. The structure of the class is well-developed, but not rigid. (Traditional)
Student responses on the questionnaire are operationalized by noting "observed" frequencies and comparing that to "expected" frequencies. Expected frequencies are found by dividing the total number of observations (260) by the number of categories (4).
110/260 students chose Style #4 Traditional
50 male, 60 female
80/260 students chose Style #2 Consultive
35 male, 45 female
60/260 students chose Style #3 Liberal
55 male, 5 female
10/260 students chose Style #1 Authoritative
6 male, 4 female
The appropriate test is a/an:
The degrees of freedom are:
The investigator is testing for: _______? (Association or Difference)
The calculated value is (Show your work)
The investigator should make two conclusions concerning this hypothesis test. Those are:
**************************************************
Scenario 2
During a recent meeting of students, faculty, and administrators at a large, Midwestern university, a proposal was approved to pilot test a safe sex campaign. The purpose of this information campaign was to ascertain which type of messages would be most often attended to and retained by the audience. The investigators were unclear about what to expect from such a study. Messages about safe sex were then designed and disseminated using pamphlets, the Internet, instructional videos, and the student newspaper. The sample was comprised of 600 college students with 400 being female and 200 being male. The results follow.
50 males and 75 females chose and used the Internet as their primary channel;
150 females and 60 males chose and used the instructional videos as their primary channel;
65 males and 100 females chose and used the pamphlets as their primary channel;
40 females and 60 males chose and used the student newspaper as their primary channel.
The appropriate test is a/an:
The degrees of freedom are:
The investigator is testing for: _______? (Association or Difference)
The calculated value is (Show your work):
The investigator should make two conclusions concerning this hypothesis test. Those are:
**************************************************
Scenario 3
Members of the Student Activity Board (SAB) are attempting to determine which type of event students would prefer at Springfest. The possibilities include a/an: Jay Leno show; Jerry Seinfeld show; Bill Cosby show; concert by Fleetwood Mac; concert by The Beach Boys; concert by Vince Gill; concert by LeeAnn Rhymes; or a concert by R.E.O. Speedwagon. A survey is conducted and reveals the following results.
2,800 students participate in the study with 1,550 being males and 1,250 being females.
50 males and 10 females select Jay Leno;
300 males and 200 females select Jerry Seinfeld;
240 females and 100 males select Bill Cosby;
150 females and 100 males select Fleetwood Mac;
250 males and 50 females select The Beach Boys;
350 females and 250 males select Vince Gill;
200 males and 150 females select LeeAnn Rhymes;
270 males and 130 females select R.E.O. Speedwagon.
The appropriate test is a/an:
The degrees of freedom are:
The investigator is testing for: _______? (Association or Difference)
The calculated value is (Show your work):
The investigator should make two conclusions concerning this test. Those are:
**************************************************
Scenario 4
Upon completion of your undergrad studies, you take a marketing/public relations position with Leo Burnett. Your first client is a large retailer in the Midwest. The corporation is considering launching a multi-million dollar ad campaign promoting Levi jeans. Moreover, they believe that their line is currently the favorite among 18-25 year old individuals. Your task is to conduct a random survey to confirm their hunch. You have four months in which to do your work and report back to them. The survey results indicate the following.
800 individuals participate with 400 being males and 400 being females.
200 males and 175 females report that they prefer Levi jeans.
25 females and 55 males report that they prefer Lee jeans.
45 males and 100 females report that they prefer Calvin Klein jeans.
50 females and 50 males report that they prefer Guess jeans.
60 males and 40 females report that they prefer Gap jeans.
The appropriate test is a/an:
The degrees of freedom are:
The investigator is testing for: _______? (Association or Difference)
The calculated value is (Show your work):
The investigator should make two conclusions concerning this test. Those are:
At a global level, an investigator wants to know what style of teaching college-aged individuals (CAI) prefer. The style of teaching is conceptualized by the following categories: authoritative, consultive, liberal, or traditional. Fundamentally then, the investigator seeks to discover the relationship between the types of teachers and student comfort levels. Students complete the questionnaire that included the following description of teaching styles.
Style #1: The professor assigns projects with little room for change. He/she will not accept late assignments. The professor makes classroom decisions clearly and concisely. He/she communicates the rigid expectations for the class. He and does not deviate from the syllabus. The class is also highly structured. (Authoritative)
Style #2: The professor does not hand out a syllabus until a few weeks into the semester. He/she consults the class for their opinions about assignments, due dates, and grading. The professor consults the class for every assignment and leaves much of the structuring of the class up to the students, but not all of it. (Consultive)
Style #3: The professor is completely unlike professors the student has experienced previously. He/she does not believe in homework, assignments, or taking attendance. He/she sometimes does not show up to conduct class. Structure is virtually nonexistent. (Liberal)
Style #4: The professor is willing to compromise about assignment due dates, but will not accept late papers once a date is set. A syllabus is followed closely and grading is a direct reflection of a participation, assignments, exams, and attendance. The structure of the class is well-developed, but not rigid. (Traditional)
Student responses on the questionnaire are operationalized by noting "observed" frequencies and comparing that to "expected" frequencies. Expected frequencies are found by dividing the total number of observations (260) by the number of categories (4).
110/260 students chose Style #4 Traditional
50 male, 60 female
80/260 students chose Style #2 Consultive
35 male, 45 female
60/260 students chose Style #3 Liberal
55 male, 5 female
10/260 students chose Style #1 Authoritative
6 male, 4 female
The appropriate test is a/an:
The degrees of freedom are:
The investigator is testing for: _______? (Association or Difference)
The calculated value is (Show your work)
The investigator should make two conclusions concerning this hypothesis test. Those are:
**************************************************
Scenario 2
During a recent meeting of students, faculty, and administrators at a large, Midwestern university, a proposal was approved to pilot test a safe sex campaign. The purpose of this information campaign was to ascertain which type of messages would be most often attended to and retained by the audience. The investigators were unclear about what to expect from such a study. Messages about safe sex were then designed and disseminated using pamphlets, the Internet, instructional videos, and the student newspaper. The sample was comprised of 600 college students with 400 being female and 200 being male. The results follow.
50 males and 75 females chose and used the Internet as their primary channel;
150 females and 60 males chose and used the instructional videos as their primary channel;
65 males and 100 females chose and used the pamphlets as their primary channel;
40 females and 60 males chose and used the student newspaper as their primary channel.
The appropriate test is a/an:
The degrees of freedom are:
The investigator is testing for: _______? (Association or Difference)
The calculated value is (Show your work):
The investigator should make two conclusions concerning this hypothesis test. Those are:
**************************************************
Scenario 3
Members of the Student Activity Board (SAB) are attempting to determine which type of event students would prefer at Springfest. The possibilities include a/an: Jay Leno show; Jerry Seinfeld show; Bill Cosby show; concert by Fleetwood Mac; concert by The Beach Boys; concert by Vince Gill; concert by LeeAnn Rhymes; or a concert by R.E.O. Speedwagon. A survey is conducted and reveals the following results.
2,800 students participate in the study with 1,550 being males and 1,250 being females.
50 males and 10 females select Jay Leno;
300 males and 200 females select Jerry Seinfeld;
240 females and 100 males select Bill Cosby;
150 females and 100 males select Fleetwood Mac;
250 males and 50 females select The Beach Boys;
350 females and 250 males select Vince Gill;
200 males and 150 females select LeeAnn Rhymes;
270 males and 130 females select R.E.O. Speedwagon.
The appropriate test is a/an:
The degrees of freedom are:
The investigator is testing for: _______? (Association or Difference)
The calculated value is (Show your work):
The investigator should make two conclusions concerning this test. Those are:
**************************************************
Scenario 4
Upon completion of your undergrad studies, you take a marketing/public relations position with Leo Burnett. Your first client is a large retailer in the Midwest. The corporation is considering launching a multi-million dollar ad campaign promoting Levi jeans. Moreover, they believe that their line is currently the favorite among 18-25 year old individuals. Your task is to conduct a random survey to confirm their hunch. You have four months in which to do your work and report back to them. The survey results indicate the following.
800 individuals participate with 400 being males and 400 being females.
200 males and 175 females report that they prefer Levi jeans.
25 females and 55 males report that they prefer Lee jeans.
45 males and 100 females report that they prefer Calvin Klein jeans.
50 females and 50 males report that they prefer Guess jeans.
60 males and 40 females report that they prefer Gap jeans.
The appropriate test is a/an:
The degrees of freedom are:
The investigator is testing for: _______? (Association or Difference)
The calculated value is (Show your work):
The investigator should make two conclusions concerning this test. Those are:
